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測定石油産品的密度有什麽意義

发表时间：2019-01-02 16:39

（1）用于油品的計量

對于容器中的石油産品的計量，都是先測出容積和密度，然後根據容積和密度的乘積，計算石油産品的質量。

（2）用于指導生産

密度的大小可说明石油产品的纯度，如铂重整装置的产品苯，甲苯，二甲苯通过测定它们的密度，可知它们的纯度。同时，在工艺操作条件变化或原油性质改变时，石油产品的密度也随之变化。因为密度的大小与石油及产品的组成有关，碳原子数相同的烃类其密度大小的顺序为：芳烃 >环烷>烷烃，异构烷烃>正构烷烃。同类烃类，密度随沸点升高而增大。当沸点范围相同时，含芳烃越多，其密度大；含烷烃越多，其密度越小。故在一定程度上根据密度可大致判断产品的成分和原油的类型。含烷烃多的原油，其密度通常比含环烷烃及芳香烃多的原油小；原油中含硫、氮、氧等有机化合物越多，含胶状物质越多，密度就越大。

（3）初步確定油料品種

石油産品的密度大致在0.7-1.00g/cm3，輕質油不小于0.830g/cm3，輕質潤滑油在0.860-0.900g/cm3之間等。

（4）判斷油品質量

石油産品在儲運及使用過程中，如發現密度與原測定結果有顯著差別時，可以判斷是否混入重質油或輕質油。如保管中輕組分蒸發損失過多，密度升高；誤將兩種油品混合，會出現密度突然升高或降低的現象，一般發現密度與原來測定結果相差大約0.01g/cm3時，就可能發生可混油。

（5）判斷燃料的使用性能

噴氣燃料的能量特性用質量熱值和體積熱值表示。燃料的密度越小，其質量熱值越高。對續航時間不長的飛機，爲了盡可能減少飛機載荷，應使用質量熱值高的燃料。相反，燃料的密度越大，其質量熱值越小，但體積熱值大，這種燃料的密度越大，其質量熱值越小，但體積熱值大，這種燃料適用于作遠程飛行，可減少體積，降低飛行阻力。但密度過大，燃料性能反而不好，所以應選用規定密度的燃油。

上一篇卡爾費休容量法和電量法水分測定的測定原理

下一篇什麽是石油産品的閃點

文章分類：技術知識

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